CBAM FAQFrequently Asked Questions
Get expert answers to the most common questions about the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. From basics to advanced compliance topics.
CBAM Basics
Fundamental questions about what CBAM is and how it works
Compliance Requirements
Detailed questions about reporting, certificates, and obligations
Technical Questions
Implementation, systems, and technical compliance topics
Industry-Specific
Sector-specific guidance for different industries and products
Most Asked Questions
What is CBAM and when does it start?
BasicsThe Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is an EU regulation that began its transitional phase in October 2023, requiring quarterly emissions reporting. Full implementation starts January 1, 2026, when importers must purchase CBAM certificates.
Which products are covered by CBAM?
ProductsCBAM currently covers six sectors: cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen. The scope may expand to all EU ETS sectors by 2030.
What are CBAM certificates and when do I need them?
ComplianceCBAM certificates represent the carbon cost of imports. Starting January 1, 2026, EU importers must purchase certificates corresponding to the embedded emissions in their imports and surrender them annually.
What are the penalties for non-compliance?
PenaltiesPenalties can reach up to €100 per ton of unreported emissions, plus potential trading restrictions. Penalties vary by member state but are designed to ensure effective compliance.
How do I calculate embedded emissions?
TechnicalYou can use actual emissions data from producers or EU-published default values. Actual data is preferred and may become mandatory from 2026. Carbonable provides automated calculation tools.
Do I need Authorized CBAM Declarant status?
AuthorizationFrom January 1, 2026, only Authorized CBAM Declarants can import CBAM-covered goods. Applications open in April 2025, and the authorization process involves financial guarantees and compliance demonstrations.
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